Land-marker.



PATENTED DEG. 20, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. MILLAR.

LAND MARKER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1903'.

NO MODEL.

c/zz es f5/lla IVW@ mor I By Atto rn eys a VVitnesses:

'PATENTBD DEC. 20, 1904.

J. MILLAR.

LAND MARKER.

APPLIGATION FILED .MAY 16, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

(fa 77a es f/@23 lnvgtbr,

By y( I I Attorneys Witnesses Patented December 20, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMEs MILLAR, or LYN, CANADA.

` LAND-MARKER.

SPECIFICATON forming part of Letters Patent No. 778,058, dated December20, 1904. Application filed May 16, 1903. Serial No. 157,386.

and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to land-markers and implements of the same classwhich are in# tended for the purpose of laying off a properly-tilledfield into rows for the purpose of planting seeds. The implement isintended especially to be used before planting strawberries, corn, orsimilar seeds.

The object of the invention is to save the very considerable labor whichis now entailed in laying off a eld in the manner suggested, and isespecially valuable where the seeds are to be planted in rows which arequite close together. whereby a plurality of furrows may be formedsimultaneously by the implement.

In its general construction the., invention comprises a frame having itswidth disposed transversely to the direction in which the implement isadvanced, said frame being provided with a plurality'of teeth whichareadapted to scratch or furrow the ground as the implement passes.Improved arrangement is made for adapting the implement for formingfurrows at different distances apart, as may be desired, and forfacilitating proper guiding of the implement as it is advanced, wherebythe furrows laid out by it will be regular in form. Improved arrangementis made for facing' the teeth toward the earth and for facilitating theadvance of the implement in such a manner as to hold the teeth out ofoperative relation with the earth.

The invention consists in the constructionl and combination of parts tobe more fully described hereinafter and definitely set forth in claims.v

In the drawings, which fully illustrate my invention, Figure 1 is aperspective showing its actual operation in the field. Fig. 2 is a planof the implement, the operating-handles To this Aend arrangement ismadeV being broken away, as will appear. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation ofthe implement, the operating-handles being shown 1n sectlon. Fig.

i is alongitudinal vertical section of the implement, taken on line44 onFig. 2, passing through a portion of one of the aforesaid teeth, a partbeing shown in elevation. This view also shows in dotted-line positionthe relation which the parts may assume when the implementis beingpushed idly. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section somewhat simil`arto that shown in Fig. 4; but this section is taken at a point betweentwo teeth, differing' in this respect from Fig. 4.

Throughout the drawings and specification similar numerals of referencedenote like parts. t l

Referring more particularly to the parts, 1 represents the frame of theimplement, which comprises a transversely-disposed body or board 2, nearthe extremities of which are attached forwardly-projecting wheelforks 3,between which are mounted, respectively, wheels 4: and 5 in the mannershown. A pair of operating-handles 6 are attached, by means of suitablebolts 7, to the upper side of the member v2, and these handles inclinevupwardly and rearwardly, as indicated in Fig. 1. The transverse member2 is provided on its upper side with a plurality of bars ordistance-pieces 8,\vhich project rearwardly from member 2 in the mannerindicated, their forward extremities being in substantial alinement withthe forward edge 9 of the member 2. Their rear extremities 'l0 are allsubstantially in alinement with each other and are also in alinementwith the rear extremities 11 of the aforesaid forks 3, which forksproject rearwardly from the member 2 in the same manner as the bars 8.It should be observed that in this manner the body of the board 2 isdivided intoa plurality or series ofv spaces 12, of substantially equalwidth, and it will be observed that the aforesaid handles, 6 occupy apart of this space.

Just to therear of the rear edge of the member 2 there is provided a bar13, which VeX- tends longitudinally with respect to the said member 2and transversely of the implement, passing successively through theaforesaid IOO bars 8. in the spaces 12 a plurality of arms 14, to theupper sides of which (when in their normal position) there are attached,respectively, spring-teeth 15. These teeth are preferably substantiallyof the form shown, having the usual curved or hooked points 16 at therear, which points are adapted to dig into the ground and produce afurrow in the usual manner. These spring-teeth are attached to the arms14 by means of bolts 17 and dowelpins 18, which cooperate with saidbolts to prevent the teeth from moving laterally upon their arms. Upontheir uppersides as viewed in Fig. 4 each tooth 15, together with itscorresponding arm, is provided with a recess 19, and this recess isadapted to receive a vdownward extension or finger 20, which is formedupon the spring S21, there being a plurality of these springs 21, whichcorrespond, respectively, to the different spring teeth. They areattached, as shown, by pivot-bolts 22 to the upper sides of theaforesaid bars 8 and are formed with coils 23, as shown. The rearextremities of the bars 8 are provided with openings or recesses 24,which are substantially similar to the aforesaid recesses 19 and whichare adapted to receive the fingers 2O in the same manner and for alpurpose which will appear hereinafter.

It will be observed from an inspection of Fig. 2 that certain of thearms 14-viz., those indicated by 14a--are represented as thrown into areverse position, so that they project forwardly instead of rearwardlyfrom bar 13. It will appear that in this position they lie idly upon theupper side of the member 2, and when in this position evidently thespringteeth which they carry are thrown into an inoperative position. Itshould be stated that in order to throw the arms 14 into the position inwhich they are represented the aforesaid springs 21 are lifted out ofthe recesses 19, and the fingers 2O are then placed in the recesses 24in the manner indicated. In this way the springs are suitably providedfor when not in operative relation with the arms 14. It should beunderstood that in practice the possibility of throwing back the arms 14inthe-manner described enables furrows to be produced at differentdistances apart, according' to the spacing or arrangement of theoperative members of the spring-teeth, it being understood that asufficient number of arms may be thrown back at the necessary points, soas to bring about an equal spacing or distance between the operativeteeth, as will be readily understood. In this manner upon apractically-constructed implement the spacing between the furrows may bemade six inches, twelve inches, eighteen inches,

twenty-four inches, &c., as desired.

Upon this bar 13 there are pivoted v This arrangement is very convenientand at the sameV time affords means for Jfacilitating the regular andaccurate laying ofil of the rows or furrows in a` manner which will bedescribed hereinafter. It is desirable, too, that a similar arrangementshould be adopted at the right of the implement-namely, that wheel 5should run directly in advance of that tooth which is located at theextreme right of the implement-and as the tooth at the extreme right maybe a different tooth according to the arrangement of the spacing betweenthe operative teeth of the implement arrangement is made for mounting'the wheel 5 in different positions. To this end certain of the bars 8,which are indicated specifically by the numeral 8, project forwardly inthe manner shown, so that these bars 8 are substantially similar inconstruction to the aforesaid forks 3. It should be observed that thereare three of these bars or forks 8, and it will be seen that they carrythe transverse removable bolt 25, which has a projecting extremity 26,upon which the wheel 5 may be mounted in the manner indicated. It is ofcourse understood that the dotted outline 5 in Fig. Q represents theposition the wheel occupies when the spacing of the rows is such as tomake the tooth at the extreme right the last tooth that makes thefurrow.

To the outermost of the forks 3 near their rear extremities there areprovided a pair of oppositely-disposed ears 27, between which is mounteda rest 28, consisting of a bar, as shown, disposed transversely of theimplement below the bars 8. From this arrangement it should appear thatif the frame of the implement were tilted forwardly upon the wheels, soas to lift the spring-teeth clear of the ground, they would movedownwardly by gravity until they occupied the position with respect tothe frame such as that indicated in dotted outline 29 in Fig. 4, beingsupported in this position by the aforesaid rest 28. The arms 14 may beprovided upon their under sides with recesses 30, which are adapted toreceive the said rest 28 in the manner indicated.

In the practical operation of the implement in laying off the furrows itshould be understood that a straight guiding-line would first be laidoff at one side of the field. rith this line as a guide the implementwould be pushed across the field in the manner indicated in Fig. 1, sothat the wheel 4 would run over the guiding-line. In returning the wheel5 would be made to run over the furrow 3l,- which is the outermostfurrow formed in the preceding trip of the implement. In this manner thefield will be laid off into a plurality of regular rows regularlyspaced. If it is desired to lay off the field in another direction also,steps are taken similar to those just described. It should be understoodthat where it is desired to turn the implement at the end of each tripthe handles are tilted forroo iro

wardly in the manner described, so as to raise the .teeth out of theground. With the teeth in this raised position also the implement wouldbe wheeled to and from the field.

lVhile I have shown in the accompanying drawings the preferred form ofmy invention, it will be understood that I do not limit myself to theprecise form shown, for many of the details may be changed in form orposition without affecting the operativeness or utility of my invention.

IVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an implement of the class described, a frame comprisingatransverse beam, wheels adapted to support the same, a plurality ofteeth projecting rearwardly from said beam, pivoted springs normallyadapted to hold said teeth in operative position, said springs beingadapted for disengagement from said teeth,

whereby said teeth may be thrown back into inoperative position.

2. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a framecomprising a transverse beam, a plurality of arms pivotally mountedthereupon and projecting rearwardly therefrom, said arms having teeth,wheels supporting said frame, said arms having recesses, springs adaptedto be received by said recesses to maintain said arms in operativeposition, said springs being adapted for removal from said recesses,whereby said arms may be thrown into an inoperative position.

3. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a framecomprising a transverse beam, a plurality of pivoted arms projectingrearwardly from said beam, said arms having teeth and recesses, springsadapted to be received by said recesses to maintain said arms inoperative position, said springs being pivotally mounted whereby theymay be disengaged from said recesses and moved on their pivots and meansfor maintaining said springs in an inoperative position.

4. In an implement of the class described, in combination,a frame havinga transverse beam, a pivot-bar carried by said frame and disposedlongitudinallyvwith respect to said beam, a plurality of arms pivotallymounted on said pivot-bar, teeth carried thereby, said arms havingrecesses, springs mounted adjacent to said arms, the extremities whereofare received by said recesses, there being other recesses adapted toreceive the extremities of said springs,said springs being pivotedwhereby they may be moved between said recesses.

5. In an implement of the class described, the combination comprising aframe, a plurality of bars carried thereby and projecting therefrom, aplurality of arms carried between said bars, removable springs attachedto said bars and holding said arms in operative position, teeth carriedby said arms and means to permit the reversing of said arms andmaintaining said arms in reversed position.

6. In an implement of the character described, in combination, a framecomprising a transversely-disposed beam, a plurality of bars carriedthereby and projecting therefrom, a pivot-bar passing through said bars,a plurality of arms pivotally mounted upon said pivot-bar, springscarried adjacent to said ,arms by said bars and constructed to hold saidbars in operative position, means for disengaging said springs from saidarms, means for maintaining said springs in their disengaged position,and means for reversing said arms from an operative to an inoperativepo-v sition'and maintaining them in said last position.

7. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a framecomprising a transverse beam, wheels supporting the same, a

wheels supporting the frame, a plurality of pivotally-mounted armsprojecting from said frame and carrying teeth, means for forcing saidarms downward, a bar disposed transversely of said implement beneathsaid arms, a rest adapted to support said arms when the frame of saidimplement is raised to disengage the said teeth from the earth, andmeans for reversing and maintaining said arms in reversed position.

9. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a frame, barscarried thereby at the' sides thereof, wheels carried by said bars,other bars disposed upon said frame between said'rst bars, teethpivotally mounted between said bars, a pair of said teeth being inalinement with said wheels and means for maintaining one of said wheelsbetween the bars adjacent the bars at the sides of the frame wherebysaid wheel-may be alined with other teeth.

10. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a framecomprising a transverse beam, bars at the extremities of said beamprojecting forwardly and rearwardly therefrom, wheels carried by saidbars forwardly of said beam, teeth carried by said bars rearwardly ofsaid beam, other bars and other teeth carried by said first bars, andprojecting forwardly from said beam and constituting means forsupporting one of said wheels.

11. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a framecomprising a translOO IIO

IZO

verse beam, a wheel, means for supporting said wheel near one extremityof said beam, a second wheel, means for supporting said second wheelupon said frame at a plurality of points laterally disposed with respectto said implement, a plurality of teeth carried by said beam in anoperative and inoperative position, and said wheels normally aliningwith a pair of said teeth.

12. In an implement of the class described, in combination, a frame,bars carried thereby and projecting rearwardly therefrom, wheelssupporting said frame, a pivot-bar passing' through said bars, aplurality of arms pivotally mounted upon said pivot-bar, teeth carriedby said arms, springs holding said arms so that said teeth are forcedtoward the ground, a transversely-disposed bar constituting a stop tolimit the downward movement of said teeth, means for reversing theposition of said arms and means for positively maintaining them inreversed position.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

' JAMES MILLAR. Witnesses:

H. A. STEWART, P. J. DRIVER.

